Blog Archives: WildEssex

#WildEssexWalks: Lower Lodge in the grip of a heatwave

Britain's Wildlife, Bug & Botany Walks, WildEssex, WildWivenhoe

As is by now traditional, we organised a WildEssex walk in high summer around Lower Lodge nature reserve, near Wivenhoe. Lower Lodge is a lovely, flower -rich grassland site, mostly mown on a three- or four-year rotation by Colchester City Council, producing a diversity of habitat structure, from woodland, to dense scrub, to scattered scrub to open grassland. All components have their value, although the open grassland is especially diverse for both insects and flowers.

But we hadn’t planned on a summer like the current one. An unprecedentedly hot, dry summer with three heatwaves and droughts already, and it is only mid-July. So it was with some trepidation we set out onto the site to see what we could find. At least there were plenty of pollen- and nectar-bearing flowers, particularly Wild Carrot, Hogweed, Common Knapweed, Field Scabious, Creeping Thistle and the beautiful bicolored form of Field Bindweed.

From a distance there were a few butterflies flitting around, but I was stopped in my tracks at the very first Carrot umbel: Ectophasia crassipennis! A stunning parasite-fly that lays its eggs on unfortunate shield bugs before the fly larvae devour the bug from the inside. Slowly….

It is a species I know well from the Pyrenees that first reached the UK in 2019; it is now found widely along the south coast, but is only just starting to head our way. So far as I can ascertain there are only a couple of other records from Essex, one at Wrabness in the year of its first arrival and one last year that I found in Beth Chatto Gardens.

We then carried on on the parasite-fly theme, recording two more species, Tachina fera and Eriothrix rufomaculata.

What a great start and although individual numbers of most insect species were not high we kept on finding things of interest until the end of the two hours when the other absolute highlight performed as the very last insect of the walk. This was a Hummingbird Hawkmoth, always good to see and reasonably common this summer. But what was it doing hovering its way through, not over, the grass, avoiding the flowers, completely oblivious to us as it flew between us, and occasionally touching down? And then it twigged, ‘it’ was a ‘she’, she was laying eggs on the Hedge Bedstraw plants growing in the grassy sward. This is not a behaviour I have ever seen before, so our walk ended with me as excited as when we started!

Sadly, unless any larvae develop very quickly such that the next generation is out by early autumn, they are unlikely to survive our winter. But maybe, just maybe, a warm winter could allow it to succeed.

Other moths we saw during the walk were many and varied, from grass moths like Agriphila straminella (all very brown and flittery) to the stunning Brassy Longhorn (a specialist moth dependent upon Field Scabious, seemingly very scarce in Essex) and of course the Six-spot Burnets, resplendent in their black and red livery in the sun, whirring around, occasionally landing to feed, and some new emergers just drying out close to their vacated pupal cases.

Other flies feeding on the umbels included the hoverfly Chrysogaster solstitialis and lots of Flesh-flies, while sitting around on the leaves, either mating or on the lookout for insect prey were Kite-tailed Robberflies, alongside tiny sweat-bees Lasioglossum sp.

Another selection of insects feeding on flowers comprises a parasitic ichneumon wasp (the nemesis of caterpillars), Turnip Sawfly, a Knapweed Bug Oncotylus viridiflavus (for which there are only a couple of records east of Colchester), Hairy Shieldbug, Seven-spotted Ladybird, Thick-thighed Beetle and Hogweed Bonking-beetle. A veritable cornucopia of delights!

So among the insects that leaves just the butterflies. Gatekeepers were the most numerous, with just a few Meadow Browns, good numbers of pristine Painted Ladies, and a very few Small Skipper and Common Blues.

In addition, but not photographed, were Small and Green-veined Whites, single Red Admiral, Brown Argus, Small Heath and a Purple Hairstreak that had a lucky escape from a spider’s web up in an oak canopy.  And flying around the fields there were Emperor, Brown Hawker and Common Darter dragonflies, and Willow Emerald and Common Blue Damselflies.

Aside from insects, there was plenty more of interest, including a spider Enoplognatha with its hoverfly prey, abundant Oak Mildew, artichoke and marble galls on Oaks, and a good fruiting of sloes.

And just to finish off, the things we didn’t see as a group, but which I found on my recce a couple of days previously: leaf mines on oak and galls on Wild Rose (we just didn’t have time to hunt them all out on the walk)…

… Box Bug and Cinnabar caterpillars

… Ringlet and Small Copper

… and a hoverfly Xanthogramma pedissequum, known aptly as the Superb Dayglower.

Yes, Lower Lodge performed very well as always, a powerhouse of biodiversity on our doorstep!

The Wild Side of Essex: High Summer by the Stour Estuary

Britain's Wildlife, WildEssex

It was in the third heatwave and drought of the summer and the north Essex landscape was looking decidedly tired. Leaves drooping, few birds and insects braving the heat of the day and, sadly, several of our target species were missing. No Turtle Doves or Sand Martins seen or heard around their well known breeding sites, where they had been earlier in the year; no White Admirals flying in the woods – presumably their flight season has closed prematurely. But of course we carried on, always hoping, consoled by the notion of nature: if sightings were guaranteed, it would mean you were in a zoo, not the wild!

Actually the day started very pleasantly under a veil of cloud, but this soon burned off as the fierce sun once again took control. And all the time a stiff northerly breeze probably kept some activity down as well. But at Wrabness Nature Reserve, clad in its wind-damping cloak of scrub, there were Blackcaps and Whitethroats into their second broods, Goldfinches and Greenfinches twittering in the hedges, several Song Thrushes, presumably having a hard time finding snails and turning their sights on Elder berries, and some confiding fledgling Robins.

Flyover Cormorant, Little Egret and noisy Lesser Black-backed Gulls reminded us of our proximity to the Stour Estuary, while also in the skies Buzzard and Sparrowhawk drifted over, the latter being harried by Swallows rising from the nearby horse pastures and stables, along with a noisy family of Kestrels starting to master the art of flight.

Given the drought, flowering was a little more sparse than usual, but included yellow composites like Bristly Oxtongue, Ragwort and Common Fleabane, white umbellifers such as Wild Carrot and Hogweed, plus Yarrow and Common Knapweed, Great Mullein and Teasel…

… Viper’s’ Bugloss, Meadow Vetchling, Red Bartsia, Common Toadflax, Rosebay Willowherb and Field Bindweed  providing colour and the pollen and nectar for visiting insects.

And Dittander giving a refreshing hit of horseradish when chewed, a much-needed pick-me-up on a hot day!

Butterflies were pretty abundant, although most were Gatekeepers, and almost all were flying low, through the grasses, to stay in the shade. In addition there were a few Common and Holly Blues, Large and Small Whites, Red Admirals, Meadow Browns and Small Heaths, but very surprisingly, not a single skipper, often ultra-abundant here.

A few burnet moths whirred around, occasionally stopping to nectar, when the spots could be counted: most were 6-Spot Burnets, with just one being Narrow-bordered 5-spot Burnet.

Other insects included Cinnabar moth caterpillars, Squash Bug, Flesh-fly, Sphaerophoria hoverflies, Southern Hawker dragonfly and Common Blue damselfly, together with a couple of knapweed specialists, the bug Oncotylus viridiflavus  and the picture-winged fly Urophora jaceana.

But because the heat was starting to suppress activity, we also spent time looking at fixed features, especially in the shade: leaf-mines and gall. The leaf-miners included Holly Leaf-miner (a fly) and Stigmella aceris and Lyonetia clerkella, both micromoths, while galls included the pea gall and Robin’s Pincushion, both caused by gall wasps on roses.

Down towards the quiet estuary, there were Greater Reedmaces in flower as the spears from last summer exploded, and over the seawall, a saltmarsh alight with Common Sea-lavender:

Moving on to Stour Wood and lunch in the shade, I rapidly reformulated my plans and cut out any idea of heading out into the open agricultural landscape around the wood. In the woods we remained for the afternoon seeking out any hotspots of insect activity.

The trees, mostly Sweet Chestnut coppice with standard English Oaks and a sprinkling of Hazel, Hornbeam, Aspen and Wild Service, were still in full leaf, albeit drooping with drought, but the paths were littered with the recently shed chestnut catkins.

In the shade, the flora, just three months ago a sea of blue and white, Bluebells and Wood Anemones, was restricted to the unassuming Enchanter’s Nightshade…

… while in the rides and coppice clearings, Marsh Thistle and Ragwort added essential nectar resources. It was here that there were butterflies, including good numbers of Ringlet and thankfully, one our targets Silver-washed Fritillaries. They were few at first, but as the walk progressed and the group size dwindled, fritillary numbers increased, and at the end put on a fantastic show for me and the last, lucky couple!

Other activity along the rides came from dragonflies, both Common and Ruddy Darters flycatching, having come some considerable distance from breeding ponds after emergence, to colour up, feed and get into breeding condition before returning to ponds ready for action.

Bird-wise though, all was quiet, praeternaturally quiet, siesta time hopefully, although it will only be in hindsight (when it is too late) that we can evaluate the true impact of climate collapse on our nature and lives. Imagine a world in which the only memories of woodpeckers are their exploratory excavations in our trees…

So, all in all, a trip which failed to provide most of its targets, a struggle in the heat, but hopefully ultimately enjoyable, rescued to a great extent by the fascinating minuteries of life we might just have overlooked if Turtle Doves and Purple Emperors had been distracting our attention from everything else!

The Wild Side of Beth Chatto Gardens: June 2026 – deluge and furnace…

Beth Chatto Gardens, Britain's Wildlife, WildEssex, WildWivenhoe

June was a month of two halves. After the record-breaking May heatwave broke down at the very end of the month, the first two weeks of June were damp, with some very heavy rain, before the even more record-breaking heatwave reasserted itself. Is anybody listening to the cries of the Earth?

My visits to the garden were all in the latter half and included a moth event covered in this blog Midsummer Moths 2026 at Beth Chatto Gardens | Chris Gibson Wildlife, successful up to a point but I think showed signs of the impact of the vagaries of the weather.

Bird broods were very much in evidence, including Great and Blue Tits, Blackcaps and Blackbirds. Three singing male Whitethroats and four Goldcrests were presumably proclaiming territories for their second broods, and my personal first record of a Coal Tit in the garden was also of a singing bird, perhaps a second-brooder that may have first bred elsewhere. Grey Herons seem to be dispersing from their heronries, with several flying over and one at rest by the Reservoir for some hours, while Swallows and a Kestrel were feeding over the long grass of the overflow carpark.

In the garden through the heat, insect activity during the hottest part of the sunny days was much reduced, but by seeking out the cooler times and shady spots, it was possible to find plenty of interest. But not always to photograph it: Silver-washed Fritillary, Rose Chafer and Willow Emerald damselflies were all zipping around, refusing to settle. And always active were the Hummingbird Hawkmoths that occasionally showed especially in the Reservoir Garden:

Painted Ladies have been present throughout the month, those at the end especially being pristine and presumably the offspring of previous immigrants. And the summer butterflies are starting, with Large and Essex Skipper (the latter the first confirmed record for the garden) and Purple Hairstreaks occasionally descending from the Oak canopies, while Speckled Woods loitered in the sunflecks.

Dragonflies and damselflies have continued to perform well, especially around the ponds, including a coordinated emergence of Common Blue Damselflies that proved a bounty for the Cucumber Spiders. But most exciting were the Banded Demoiselles: after a few years when they have appeared with us sporadically and unpredictably, this month finally they seem to have consolidated. Let’s hope they stay!

Of course there was plenty more to see as well, including Yellow-and-black Longhorn, Lily Beetles and masses of pollen beetles…

… mating Fencepost Flies, nectaring Tachina rufa agg. parasite-flies and sunning Dock Bugs …

… plus lots of lovely Hymenoptera: Iris Sawfly larvae, Gwynne’s Mining-bees in the Campanula flowers, Sphecodes blood bees that feast on nectar but whose larvae parasitise mining-bee nests …

… and around the bee hotel, Large-headed Resin-bees and a ruby-tailed wasp Chrysis ignita agg., the latter another parasite but on certain solitary wasps.

And as always a goodly array of new finds for our garden list, as well as those already mentioned, including a couple of moths, Epagoge grotiana and Virgin Bagworm…

… lots of Hollyhock Weevils, a fairly new arrival in the country that appeared for us in Wivenhoe three years ago …

… two ants, Myrmica rubra and Temnothorax nylanderi …

… a parasitic javelin wasp Gasteruption sp., being buzzed by Yellow-faced Bees …

… and Wool Carder-bee nesting in our bee-post.

So it was quite a challenging month because of the weather. Maybe July will settle down, and if anyone wants to join me, my Wildside Walks on 17th July and our Moth Morning on 18th July are all open for booking on the website Courses & Workshops – Beth Chatto’s Plants & Gardens.

Saturday Morning Moth Club at the Minories – June 2026

Britain's Wildlife, Eleanor's photos, WildEssex

After a successful exploratory event in 2025, Moth Club returned to the Minories garden at the end of June this year. Fortunately, given the propensity of hot bulbs to shatter in rain, we were able to place the trap in the Folly, out of harm’s way, safe from the thunderstorms and heavy rain that swept through overnight.

The thundery breakdown came after three days of record-breaking (not in a good way!) heat. Indeed when we walked into the garden first thing to turn the trap light off, the feel of heat was amplified by the highest humidity I have ever known. So the moths’ welfare came to the fore: we protected the trap from the rising sun and the free-range moths within the folly from marauding Wrens, and awaited the arrival of the booked participants.

Mothing in the heart of the city is always uncertain. The Minories garden is a green oasis amid intensive development, and the trap light could easily be diminished in effectiveness as a result of the multitude of other light sources which shine as the city sleeps. But on the positive side, the garden is close to the Meanwhile Garden, a noted biodiversity hot-spot, and just across the road from Castle Park which provides green links right down to the River Colne.

Before we even delved into the trap, it was clear that there were going to be some highlights, in the shape of six pristine Elephant Hawkmoths, all much appreciated as they allowed themselves to be gently passed around.

Overall there were probably some 400 moths, and a myriad of other insects in the trap, although the moth species seemed skewed towards the often smaller micromoths as we found also last year. A full list of our findings can be found here Minories Saturday Morning Moth Club, with last year’s catch for comparison

The most abundant macromoths were Riband Wave in all its colour forms, Dwarf Cream Wave and Least Carpet, the latter probably feeding upon the festoons of Wild Clematis that grow out of the lime-rich mortar of the Roman Walls.

A selection of other macros included Pebble Hooktip, Phoenix, Willow Beauty and Clouded Silver…

…Miller, Marbled Beauty, Poplar Grey, Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing, Flame and Grey or Dark Dagger (the two species cannot be separated externally and must be killed for internal examination, which we will not do!)…

… Vapourer, Short-cloaked Moth and White Satin…

… and Silky Wainscot, a largely coastal species that may well have found its way to us through the green corridors.

The most numerous micromoths were Garden Grass Veneer and three rather similar Small Ermine species: Bird Cherry, Apple and Willow, the latter at least possibly wanderers from the near-Continent.

Then there were some distinctive ones, displaying well the fact that micros can be beautiful tiny scraps of life: Agapeta hamana, Argyresthia goedartella and A. spinosella, Gold Triangle, Coleophora deauratella and Mother-of-Pearl…

… Acrobasis tumidana, Recurvaria nanella and Tachystola acroxantha (the latter a recent colonist of this country, probably originating in Australia) …

,… and another couple of inseparable pairs, at least to ethical entomologists: Caloptilia robustella/alchimiella and Endothedia gentineana/marginana.

Wanderers potentially from far afield also included Diamond-back, Pempelia genistella (a Gorse-lover perhaps coming from Middlewick Ranges?) and Crescent Plume, which feeds on Rest Harrows, the nearest of which is probably Spiny Restharrow in the grazing marshes of the tidal Colne towards Rowhedge.

Many other insects fly by night, and they too ended up in the trap, including a green lacewing Chrysopa carnea, Forest Bug and the plant bug Oncotylus viridiflavus …

… together with 10-spot Ladybird, Summer Chafer and very excitingly another Brown Chafer. Not previously recorded in this part of the county, we found the latter a week previously in Beth Chatto Gardens, and then in midweek in the Wivenhoe garden of a couple of friends.

And if the fare in the trap became too much of course there was still the lovely garden to look around in the rising heat. Hollyhock Weevils, as always, were up to no good in tandem on the Hollyhocks, but as for the plants, I shall leave it as usual to the camera of Eleanor, our eight-year-old granddaughter to tell the visual story of flowers and rain through her growing eyes…

Moth Club will return for one more session this year, on 25 July, all bookings via the website Night Garden Moth Discovery with Chris Gibson | Colchester | The Minories. A month apart, the trap contents should be very different, and will always surprise. That is the beauty of moth trapping…its like Christmas every day!

 

Wivenhoe in Bloom – through the eyes of an eight-year-old

Eleanor's photos, WildEssex, WildWivenhoe

When the muse takes her, Eleanor, now 8, likes nothing more than exploring and capturing the world around her through a cameraphone.

Last weekend was one of those lovely occasions, an hour together in the sun, with no guidance, no restrictions, just free to photograph whatever struck her.

Mostly she gravitates towards flowers, although not exclusively., especially when insects present themselves…

Whereas I would deliberately try and avoid the tangible evidence of human beings in my own photos, Eleanor seemingly relishes those juxtapositions.

And I would of course always seek pristine perfection, but her photos demonstrate so clearly there is beauty in senescence! That certainly makes me look anew!

Then there is the positioning of the subject. OK this might be random, but seeing the sequences of her pictures where she starts with it centred and then increasingly shifts the focus to one side or another makes me think her artistic appreciation is somehow innate. The number of images where the subject bleeds off the edge without compromising the beauty of the whole has to be deliberate?

Likewise throwing focus: indeed she patiently explained to me how she gets the shots where focused background detail is highlighted by a blurry foreground…

…as well as getting so close into the subject, it is driven to abstraction (my words!).

And finally, by being younger, smaller and more supple she manipulates perspectives in ways I could now only dream of!

The apogee of this (so far) for me is in the picture of a small tree from ground level, looking like a foliar firework exploding into the heavens.

I know I am biased but I am a very #ProudPapa!

Midsummer Moths 2026 at Beth Chatto Gardens

Beth Chatto Gardens, Britain's Wildlife, WildEssex, WildWivenhoe

Our June moth event in Beth Chatto Gardens took place as normal just before the equinox. On the face of it the night was perfect: calm, humid and very warm, with temperatures not falling below 20ºC. But such are the uncertainties (and joys!) of moth trapping, reflecting not only weather on the night, but also recent weather extremes (eg the May drought and more recent downpours) as well as seasonal trends, that in fact we were a little disappointed. Or thought we were until we totted up the total and found we had recorded four more species than on the equivalent date in 2025, last year being the record-breaker to date. For a full listing over the years, see here BC MOTHS TOTALS.

71 macromoth species and 33 micros is certainly a good haul, but the slight disappointment was at the number and especially diversity of the big, bright ones, the crowd-pleasers. And again, we cannot really complain at the twenty or so Elephant Hawk-moths, a couple of Small Elephants, six Buff Tips, Swallowtail Moth, Ghost Swift and a lovely Puss Moth, mostly compliant and happy to be passed gently around the early morning crowd. The Ghost Swift even laid eggs as we watched, scattering them freely where it was resting, rather than as with most species attaching them firmly to their substrate.

Among the smaller macromoths were colourful ones such as Brimstone Moth and Rosy Footman…

… whitish ones, like Yellow-tail, Brown-tail, White Satin (playing dead!), Miller and Dwarf Cream Wave…

… distinctively speckled and barred ones: Latticed Heath, Willow Beauty and Peppered Moth …

… and a whole host in every shade of brown: Lackey, Fen Wainscot, Dotted Fanfoot, Clay, Cypress Carpet, Uncertain, Dingy Shears, Bright-line Brown-eye and Minor Shoulder-knot, a litany of names almost as euphonious as the Shipping Forecast!

Some of the brown ones are also distinctive by having shaped wings like Beautiful Hooktip or a characteristic resting posture, like the Festoon, the latter a nationally scarce species of old oak trees in the south-east of the country.

Micromoths seemed to constitute a higher proportion of the catch than in previous years. But not all micros are small and some are rather beautiful, and certainly should not be overlooked, even though they often don’t have widely used English names. Here are some of the more colourful ones: Carcina quercana, Agapeta hamana, Lozotaeniodes formosana and Mint Moth…

… and equally striking monochrome morsels: Bird-cherry Ermine, Ethmia quadrillella, Diamond-back, Platytes alpinella, Zeiraphera isertana and Homoeosoma sinuella.

And always interesting is the bycatch of other insects attracted to the light, including pond-dwellers (in their pre-adult stages) such as the mayfly Cloeon dipterum and the caddisfly Stenophylax permistus …

… a green lacewing Chrysopa carnea and Birch Shieldbug…

… a couple of plant-bugs Stenotus binotatus and Phytocoris dimidiatus.

And when all was counted up at the end, we found in the trap some 35 new insects for the garden list: moths, bugs, caddisflies, a mayfly and best of all a Brown Chafer Serica brunnea, with only about four previously recorded sites in north Essex.

Moth-trapping (and release unharmed) provides a window into the night life of the garden, as well as giving the privileged opportunity for attendees to experience the delight of the early morning calm before floods of garden visitors arrive. So if anyone fancies it, our second event is planned for 18 July, booking via the Beth Chatto website at Marvellous Moth Morning – Beth Chatto’s Plants & Gardens

The Wild Side of Essex: the Heath Fritillaries of Hockley Woods

Britain's Wildlife, WildEssex

As has now become traditional, early June sees me heading to Hockley Woods atop the hills to the rear of Southend, leading Naturetrek day trips in search of Heath Fritillaries at one of their premier British sites. But nothing is guaranteed, and things can go wrong. The preceding two days had torrential rain, 30mm or more, so would they have survived? Indeed, would they even have emerged yet given our odd weather this spring, of drought followed by downpour.

The day dawned grey and breezy, but mild and with a promise of afternoon sun. When we started the walk it was still cloudy and I felt there were fewer insects about than usual, probably due to the rain. But as always we had plenty of things to look at that were not butterflies. The ancient woodland habitat is impressive, at 130ha the largest contiguous series of ancient semi-natural woods in the east of England.

The trees in the woodland picked out the geological preferences of each species, with multi-layered influences overlain from historic land use, management and other interventions. Many of the canopy trees are oaks, not the usual oak of the east but the normally western Sessile Oak, or its hybrid with Pedunculate Oak. A number of them seem to have died recently, while others show signs of bleeding lesions that could signal the beginning of the end: this might be expected as result the stresses these trees must be under as a result of climate change, and is not a bad thing – the woods are overstocked meaning that insufficient light penetrates to the ground floor to produce the maximum biodiversity the habitat can. If we don’t have Wild Boar (yet!) to cause natural disturbance and break up the gloom, then maybe disease will do it for us?

Hornbeam is one of the dominant understory trees, typical of London Clay, but as in much of Essex supplanted in places by Sweet Chestnut, brought here by the Normans, and preferred in the Middle Ages when woodlands had to work for a living. There was also Ash (much showing signs of Ash Dieback infection), Elder (indicative of aerial nutrient enrichment) and Wild Cherry, picking out the springline between clay and gravel…

… and less frequently Hazel, Sallow, Aspen, Wild Service, Crab Apple and others.

Almost all were well munched by caterpillars  – this is a good year to be a baby Blue Tit! – the only exceptions being the non-natives, Sweet Chestnut and invading from gardens at the wood edge, Cherry Laurel and Mock-orange.

Other birds included singing Wrens, Blackcaps and Stock Doves, and calling Great Spotted Woodpeckers and Nuthatches.

But very soon the sun was glimpsed and then appeared more purposefully around lunchtime. And so the insects emerged, including (phew!) Heath Fritillaries in the first patch of their larval foodplant, Common Cow-wheat. The rest of the walk brought us maybe a hundred in all, all pristine, presumably overnight emergers. I guess the following couple of warm days will have seen the peak for the year.

Other butterflies slowly mounted into a respectable list, including Comma, Holly Blue and Red Admiral, with Meadow Brown, Essex Skipper and a single Silver-washed Fritillary marking the advent of high summer.

Other insects were also out in abundance in the sunlight, thanks to the trees sheltering the wide rides from the chilling breeze. Brambles were the main forage source, visited by hoverflies of all sorts: Batman, Marmalade, Footballer, Tapered Drone-fly, Superb Dayglower, Syrphus sp., Pipiza noctiluca, the Essex RDB species Volucella inflata and more Large Pied Hoverflies than I have ever seen in one place before.

Amongst the other flies were the parasite-fly Tachina rufa, the Semaphore Fly Poecilobothrus noibilitatus and the robber-fly Dioctria linearis, here enjoying lunch seemingly in one of its scattered Essex strongholds.

A diverse array of micromoths included the tortricids Celypha lacunana and C. cespitana, Common Bagworm and the larval webs of Spindle Ermine:

In a nod to the advancing summer there were nymph Dark and Speckled Bush-crickets sitting on many a leaf:

Bumblebees were very active, predominantly Buff-tailed and Common Carders with a few Red-tailed and Early Bumblebees for good measure, while Wood Ants were everywhere, wandering, carrying prey and seeds, nesting and milking aphids:

Black Bean Aphids were very apparent, in common with many places this spring, also a bonanza for ladybirds hopefully to come, while other bugs included nymphal Green Shieldbugs and adult Dock Bugs:

And in a final flourish of insects, the beetles: Seven-spot and Harlequin Ladybirds, Willow Flea Beetles glistening like jewels, Figwort Weevils on almost every Common Figwort flower and a very scarce saproxylic click-beetle in Essex Ampedus balteatus.

Insects and other invertebrates do not of course to be actually seen to be identified if their life leaves distinctive structure or patterns. Thus we found the mysterious dangling leaf rolls of the Hazel Leaf-roller Weevil and leaf-mines of the Holly Leaf-miner Fly…

… along with a number of distinctive galls including the pouch galls of the mite Eriophyes torminalis on Wild Service leaves, the swollen stem galls of the gall-midge Lasioptera rubi, known from very few other Essex localities, and the new British arrival the Asian Chestnut Gall-wasp galls that I first recorded at this site last year, but are now appearing throughout.

In the shadier sections of wood, fungi and mosses put on more of a show from Turkey-tail to Polytrichum formosum:

And other flowering plants included two species of Hypericum, Slender St. John’s-Wort and Tall Tutsan, Field Rose, Common Figwort and the lovely grass Wood Melick:

All in all, it was a wonderfully diverse day with delights and highlights from all taxonomic groups, a veritable cornucopia of biodiversity. As one of the group said as fritillaries flittered in the sun around her like wood-sprites, it feels like a ‘little bit of Heaven’. Thanks to Rochford District Council for making it happen – it would take only a few years’ neglect, for example when a new administration with different priorities assumes power, for the woods to become overgrown and the whole wildlife spectacle come tumbling down.

The Wild Side of Beth Chatto Gardens: late-May delights

Beth Chatto Gardens, Britain's Wildlife, WildEssex, WildWivenhoe

The photo above, a myriad of fairies photobombing a Monet masterpiece, encapsulates the joy of late May in the gardens. Everything is getting on with what they need to do, feeding or breeding or dispersing, furiously because they know the retreat of the sun is only a month away.

The 26th saw peak damselflies mating (mostly Azure, Large Red and Blue-tailed) alongside the first emerging Common Blue Damselflies and Banded Demoiselles AND the mass emergence of dragonflies (mostly Four-spotted Chasers, with a few Broad-bodied and Scarce Chasers, Common Darters, Emperors and a Southern Hawker. Fittingly, and thrillingly, this coincided with my Bug Safaris, a privilege to share it with kids (of all ages!). This was the week our ponds disgorged, a couple of weeks after many garden ponds whose water volume is much lower, so the water warms more quickly, speeding up development.

And the rate of change is just so fast. On a daily basis. A day later, damsels had peaked, dragons were still coming, but the garden was inundated with Painted Ladies, most very fresh-looking so perhaps offspring of the influx a month ago. And the trees and bushes were full of tweeting baby Blue and Great Tits, and Blackcaps: a squeakscape where a day before there was a songscape.

Apart from the Painted Ladies, butterfly action had scaled back from early May: the ‘June gap’ arrived early. But to tide us over were Orange Tips on the Dame’s Violet and onions and Green Hairstreaks on the Thyme, along with a good emergence of Common Blues.

It was a warm two weeks, at times extremely hot, sunny and dry: record-breaking, albeit not-in-a-good way. But generally the insect life seemed to enjoy it: some other highlights included Mint Moth, Cinnabar, Yellow-tail caterpillar and the larval shrouds of Spindle Ermine…

… Thick-thighed Beetle, a soldier beetle Cantharis livida, Adonis’ Ladybird and Two-spotted Malachite Beetles, including this pair in a prolonged bout of ‘kissing’, the male feeding her pheromone-laced food to try and woo her…

… Hairy Shieldbugs and Orange-tailed Mining-bee …

… and a good selection of flies including the lovely hoverfly Xanthogramma pedissequum, and a couple of parasite-flies Tachina fera and Tachina lurida.

I enjoyed myself too, taking time out to grow the garden wildlife list. Every visit produced something new, in some cases rare or absent (probably underrecorded!) in Essex but equally some very widespread that we just haven’t noted here before. Two new mite galls are a case in point: the Lime Nail Gall is found on almost every Lime tree, whereas the Silver Maple Bladder Gall is a recent arrival in this country and still spreading:

There were new flies to the list: the parasite-flies Phasia barbifrons and Blepharipa pratensis, and the robberfly Choerades marginata…

… new beetles: the thistle weevil Rhinocyllus conicus and Mallow Flea-beetle Podagrica fuscicornis…

… and new wasps: the parasitic Ichneumon xanthorius, a digger wasp Cerceris quadricincta (a strongly south-eastern species, rare in the UK) and a beautiful ruby-tailed wasp Chrysis ignita agg.

The list is growing every month, and but we hope to have a working draft available in the autumn!

And so we are fast into summer. Maybe time to relax a little as things settle in. Or maybe not: all it takes is a few days of deep south winds, and as we have seen repeatedly the Beth Chatto Gardens rarely fail to produce surprises!

By bus to Brentwood….

Britain's Wildlife, Travel by Bus, Travel by Rail, WildEssex

It was our tenth wedding anniversary, a perfect excuse for an extra short break. And where better than Brentwood, travelling by bus, staying in the Premier Inn: we know how to celebrate!

This was our first attempt at longer-distance (free) bus pass travel. Wivenhoe to Brentwood involved changes in Colchester and Chelmsford, and took the best part of a morning. But time is one thing we do have, and the bus took us through places we have never or rarely seen before, some like Kelvedon and Ingatestone that would repay a closer look at some time.

The increasingly wooded nature as we approached Brentwood brought life to its original name ‘Burnt Wood’, the town created within a clearing of the great wood of Essex. It was also surprisingly hilly, being towards the southwestern splay of the Essex Alps we know so well from home.

So first into the town, for a welcome drink in the Dairyman. The High Street felt pretty vibrant, but the main interest lay in the religious buildings and the surrounding greenspace. Our first stop, the Catholic cathedral of St Mary and St Helen was a lovely surprise, the larger part of it little more than thirty years old, with a sparse, calming atmosphere.

The oldest part of the cathedral is a Gothic Revival church from the mid-19th century, designed by Gilbert Blount, who started his career working for Brunel on the Rotherhithe Tunnel before moving into churches, inspired by Pugin.

This church became the diocesan centre from its creation in 1917, then the modern ‘Neoclassical with a twist of Wren’ extension by Quinlan Terry (responsible for many monumental buildings in Britain and abroad in similar style) was completed in 1991.

The internal décor is almost austere, with only subtle ornamentation, including the terracotta roundels marking the Stations of the Cross, designed by Raphael Maklouf, he of the Queen’s head (coins not the pub!). And then tucked away in a corner, the organ that we later learned had come from St Mary on the Walls, now familiar to us as Colchester Arts Centre.

Then just round the corner, another church, St Thomas of Canterbury. Outside it is a stylish mix of flints and limestone blocks…

… but nothing prepared us for the visual assault inside. As we went in we were greeted by a lay preacher who said ‘welcome to the most Catholic church in Brentwood, and it is Anglican!’ This church has all the visual detail one would associate with a ‘traditional’ Catholic church, with Stations of the Cross on the walls, priests called Father and the like. All very confusing to a mere atheist, highlighting for me the folly of sectarianism. Indeed, it seems the church comes under the banner of Anglo-Catholicism, rooted in the 19th-century Oxford Movement that emphasizes the church’s Catholic heritage, sacramental theology, and liturgical traditions…

Although dating only from 1881, there has been a church nearby dedicated to St Thomas since the 13th century, the ruins of an early incarnation still to be found just off the High Street.

Seeking some fresh county air (albeit with the aural hallmark of the nearby M25) we headed into the nearest greenspace, St Faiths Country Park, a nice mix of grass and woodland, with tantalising views over to central London. Giant Horsetail is always good to see, typical of springlines on the slopes, and Common Carder-bees were busy on the clovers despite the chilly wind.

Other bits and pieces included the micromoth Cochylis atricapitana and the gall of the gall-midge Iteomyia capreae, on Sallow.

Sadly the cemetery next door was as sterile as they come, one disappointment alongside the litter strewn all through the Country Park. Jude did her bit to clear it up, but why should she have to? What is wrong with having pride in the green heart of a town? All a bit incongruous really, especially as we found local people on the street almost universally to be smiley and friendly…

And so we headed to the hotel. Very functional, as Premier Inns are, and extremely well priced, it had nine floors, and although we were only on floor four we had a panoramic view of the London landscape by day….

… and by night, the horizon lit up like a distant firework display.

And nearby, a very good Indian restaurant, The Raj, made for a great evening.  Overnight, the rain came. Very heavy at times, we managed to adjust our morning plans, and left the hotel to catch a bus to Warley just as the rain stopped.

I have blogged about Warley Place before, once the home of the eminent plantswoman Miss Ellen Willmott, now an Essex Wildlife Trust reserve, amid the mouldering ruins of her horticultural vision.

My previous visit a year ago was alone, but I just knew that Jude would feel at home in this place where nature and history merge so seamlessly. She bounded around like a child entering a Secret Garden! It really is very special, a nature reserve that doesn’t try to erase past human influences, a reserve that celebrates its non-naturalness, and a place of renewal and hope that nature will outlast us all.

The breeze had turned southerly, the air heavy with humidity from the night’s rain, but the warmth had brought few people out. We had the reserve to ourselves, always a privilege, aside from a young family who were thrilled with the roosting Pale Tussocks Jude found in one of the hides, and just one other lone figure. Who turned out to be Jenny, a former colleague and friend and holiday client of mine, who lives in Newcastle and who I last saw at least 20 years ago….  it’s a small world!

In the intermittent sun patches, a tattered Painted Lady bearing the scars of her spring wanderings appeared, together with diaphanous throngs of dancing Gold-barred Longhorn moths.

And back among the sawflies, as I seem to have been all month, the ferns were being visited by the Common Fern Sawfly Aneugmenus padi. Although reportedly not as rare as the other fern sawfly I found (possibly new to Essex) at Beth Chatto’s a few days ago, looking at the NBN map seems to suggest that today’s treasure may not previously have been found in the county. Of course, probably due to the lack of people looking rather than genuine absence!

A few other insects included a dramatic Wasp Beetle, a few Hawthorn Leaf-beetles and a larval micromoth, probably Archips xylosteana…

… along with a couple of woodlice species and a few fungi among the enveloping mosses…

… and several interesting plants, at least some of which may date back to the times of the garden’s former illustrious owner: Coral Spurge, Coralroot Bittercress and Yellow Figwort, together with Yews, a Ginkgo tree and many blooming Rhododendrons.

Even before Miss Willmott’s time, the estate had horticultural connections, being owned by John Evelyn, the 17th century gardener and diarist. Although he may never have lived there, he could have planted or influenced the planting of the oldest garden inhabitants, the magnificent row of Sweet Chestnuts, at least the oldest of which may be his contemporary. The history is all around in Warley Place!

And so into the Thatcher’s Arms for an excellent celebratory lunch, the only downside being the incessant roar of traffic outside, although at least to head home we didn’t have to take our lives in our hands and cross the crazy road on a blind bend to reach the bus stop…

It was back in Brentwood that we experienced our only travel hiccup when the Chelmsford bus failed to arrived, and then promptly disappeared off the board, without explanation. So we took the alternative (paying) option of train (we were right next to station) and got home couple of hours earlier than planned, ahead of the rain: mildly annoying, as we wanted to prove to ourselves we could do this trip all by bus, but a blessing in disguise really!

The Wild Side of Beth Chatto Gardens: all change on the insect front!

Beth Chatto Gardens, Britain's Wildlife, WildEssex, WildWivenhoe

Insect populations are ever-changing and those changes an endless source of fascination. In the first two weeks of May I have been to the gardens leading walks on two days and a further visit to try and reconfirm something I had seen on the previous occasion. And in that time the suite of insects has changed hugely, spring being ushered in by the advent of summer, even given the sometimes indifferent weather.

But there have been other changes too. We have seen several new arrivals to the garden, including sawflies, flies and beetles. Sawflies are actually wasps, ones that lack the wasp waist between thorax and abdomen, and have caterpillars rather like those of moths, rather than the grubs associated with most wasps. This seems to have been a Sawfly Spring, as I’ve seen more this year than ever before. There have been the regulars, Solomon’s Seal and Iris Sawflies all over their respective foodplants, and in a month or two the plants will be bearing the signs of larval chomping. Another species Selandria serva feeds on grasses, sedges and rushes, and has also been prominent around the garden – we have found it in the garden only a couple of times prior to this month. The National Biodiversity Network maps show only a couple of spots for this in Essex, but this is perhaps more down to the fact the sawflies are not a widely recorded group: spots on maps may represent more the distribution of competent observers rather than the beastie itself. All the comment below must bear that caveat!

A couple of new garden records are of Macrophya species. M. albicincta is an Elder-feeder but doesn’t seem to have been recorded from Essex. And M. teutona seems even scarcer: it was first found in the UK last year near to Bury St Edmunds and the map shows just one other location close to the first. So ours might just be the third British record…and we would be a great place for it as its larvae feed on spurges.

And more sawflies apparently new to Essex! Resting on a Foxglove leaf was the distinctive larva of Periclista pubescens, an oak-feeder and so had probably dropped from the tree above. And then were the lovely little black-headed sprites flittering around the bases of our ferns, Ostrich Fern especially. Evanescent creatures that almost disappeared as they were observed, they were Stromboceros delicatulus, the larvae of which feed on ferns and so not surprisingly recorded mostly in the damper corners of our nation.

But new insects for the garden were not all sawflies. The cloudy-winged non-biting midge Psectrotanypus varius and soldier beetle Rhagonycha lignosa are both only sparsely scattered in Essex, most localities being in the west of the county.

But for me the most exciting newbie was another beetle, a spotty chafer Oxythyrea funesta that is an old friend from my travels in Mediterranean regions. It has cropped up sporadically in the UK, probably mostly from accidental imports with plants, but over the last decade seems to have become pretty well established, especially in London and round Portsmouth. There are probably a couple of other Essex records, at least one of which in a garden centre is likely to be an accidental import. No such likelihood with ours though, given that all our stock is home-grown.

It was wonderful to watch it (or just possibly two of them) chomping the poppy and Galactites stamens in the hottest part of the garden, against the south wall of Beth’s house. The image of one sitting in Galactites will linger long in my memory, an instant transportation to one of the places I love most, Menorca. And if I am not travelling to such places so much any more, conscious of our granddaughter’s future in an already overheated world, I can console myself with the thought that I don’t need to: the Mediterranean fauna is coming to me! That impression was solidified yesterday when the soil below the chafer started to crawl with little orange morsels, first instar nymphs of the Firebug. Another constant companion in southern Europe, these have become established in Britain only within the past decade, including many places in northeast Essex. But hitherto, until the staff started seeing the adults a month ago, not in Beth Chatto Gardens: well, they are here now – and breeding!

What of other sightings? Well, the butterflies seem to have hit their ‘June gap’ early. Most overwinterers and spring specialists have gone, but the summer emergers are starting, with both Common Blue and Brown Argus. And one of my groups was entranced by half-a-dozen Green Hairstreaks nectaring on a bed of Thyme, and resting much less obtrusively on surrounding vegetation.

There was been a reasonably large emergence of Green Longhorn moths, dancing around when the weather was warm and still enough. And there seem to be Brown-tail Moths everywhere, thankfully not it seems in rampaging, defoliating hordes, but in some cases experimenting with food choice, such as Large Lord’s-and-Ladies.

As summer approached so we are expecting the songs of grasshoppers and bush-crickets to fill our quit moment. And here they come, a first instar Speckled Bush-cricket is out of the starting blocks…

It is this time too when the ponds start to disgorge their delights around the gardens. No dragonflies yet (our ponds are large and take longer to warm up than garden ponds), but Alderflies are everywhere, along with three species of damselfly: Azure, Large Red and Blue-tailed (in two colour forms).

 

Bees have done well, with Red-tailed and Early Bumblebees more numerous than in recent years, and lots of foraging Red Mason-bees taking advantage of our floral offerings.

And other lovely things to see included flies, the Narcissus Bulb Fly, the cranefly Ptychoptera contaminata and a couple of parasite-flies, Thelaira nigripes and Tachina fera.

Beetles included lots of click-beetles, mostly Athous haemorrhoidalis, the shining-green weevil Polydrusus formosus and a whole herd of stag-beetle larvae the garden team found (and saved!) under a rotten tree trunk slice. Most probably these are Lesser, not the rarer Greater Stags, but we can hope!

And finally a few bugs have been out and about, here Rhabdomiris striatellus, Harpocera thoracica and Hairy Shield-bug.

So a month of many delights, and the good news is there is another half of it to go! If you fancy looking at insects in Essex, there is really nowhere more exciting than Beth Chatto Gardens. You might even fancy joining one of my walks or moth events as advertised on Courses & Workshops – Beth Chatto’s Plants & Gardens? And if you turn up and it’s too cold or wet for insects, there are always the fantastic flowers…

… including my absolute favourite, the gorgeous Bogbean. How can you resist?

The Colne Valley, from Chappel to Chalkney Wood, and back…

Britain's Wildlife, Bug & Botany Walks, WildEssex

The mid-reaches of the River Colne, around Chappel, constitute a lovely, quintessentially Essex, mixed agricultural landscape, with extensive pasturelands in the valley bottom, either side of the clear, flowing river; arable on the high ground, parcelled up between hedgerows; and woodland, much of it ancient, on the valley slopes, embracing the spring-lines. An ideal place for long walks, not expecting to see anything rare, just Spring in all her glory, so last week I did that twice, first a full day with Naturetrek and two days later, a half day with #WildEssex.

The first walk started rainy, the first rain for a month, but soon gave way to sunshine, although a stiff northeast breeze kept the temperature down. Two days later, wall to wall deep blue skies, and lighter winds from a warmer, more southerly direction. The blue backcloth was ideal to appreciate the rainbow of greens, each tree providing its own interpretation before high summer dust dulls the difference.

Starting from Chappel, wheezing Greenfinches, twittering Swallows and willows heavily infested with Mistletoe kicked the walks off, along with a fascinating cluster of historic buildings reflecting the diversity of bricks made in the local brickworks. The churchyard wall in particular features the old bricks, and supports a wealth of mosses and lichens, crevice plants like Ivy-leaved Toadflax, and ones such as Red Valerian and Greater Celandine using the wall as a storage heater to mimic their Mediterranean mountain homes.

Heading upriver, the Colne flows between shaded banks, clad in Nettles, pinpricked white with Garlic Mustard: too early for the fluttering sprites, the Banded Demoiselles of summer, the waters were already providing flying life, in the form of Alderflies and mayflies.

The open pastureland of the valley bottom is not especially diverse botanically, although there was Meadow Foxtail in the drier areas, Lesser Pond-sedge and Cuckooflower where damper, and a triumvirate of buttercups – Meadow, Bulbous and Creeping.

Hedgerows of Hawthorn in full fragrant bloom and Blackthorn, most well over but some bizarrely still in tight bud, provided shelter for patrolling Orange Tips and Green-veined Whites, and the last, tatty overwintering Commas alongside the first, scintillating blue Holly Blues, while Whitethroats, both Common and Lesser, sang from within, and Ash leaves and Field Maple flowers introduced their vivid yellow-green colour to the surroundings.

Buzzards, maybe three pairs, soared and displayed overhead, joined by a lone Red Kite, as a Mistle Thrush proclaimed territory atop the largest Oak.

Cowpats! And happily, cowpats with insect holes, suggesting these cattle have not been treated with ivermectins which kill the rich diversity of dung. And sure enough two days later, a lot warmer, and the Yellow Dung-flies were out in force, feeding and frolicking.

Back into more sheltered areas. Evergreen Alkanet amongst the Stinging Nettles provided boundless opportunities for Dark-edged Beeflies and ladybirds, mostly 7-spot but with Cream-spot and 14-spot as well. Several St Mark’s Flies rested alongside the first Red-headed Cardinal Beetles of the year, all under the watchful gaze of basking Nursery-web Spiders.

A sunny wall and wooden fence, providing security for an isolated mansion off the beaten track, was teeming with Zebra Jumping-spiders, one of whom had caught a meal in the form of a Pond Olive mayfly (not that I realised it until I looked at my photos back at home!). And in another bit of post-hoc reassessment, a harvestman on that fence would appear to be Platybunus pinetorum. First found in Britain as recently as 2010 and known mostly from more northern areas, this will be (if confirmed) the first record from Essex, and quite possibly East Anglia.

Close to the river, there were three species of damselfly: several Large Reds, always the first to emerge in the spring, with single female Azure and Blue-tailed, the latter so fresh it was practically colourless, a so-called teneral specimen.

The final upstream section took us past fields of magnificent Longhorn cattle to one of the many former mills on the river, where Grey and Pied Wagtails fed, House Martins chirruped and swooped, a Kingfisher was heard, and a Little Egret bore witness to the inexorable march of climate collapse…

Thence into Chalkney Wood, a place I have been coming to for forty years. An inspiration! A Renaissance wood! A phoenix rising from the ashes of destructive early 20th century forestry policy: when I first knew it, Chalkney’s ancient woodland roots were buried under serried ranks of non-native conifer trees. Fortunately we recognised that those who attempted to destroy the old trees a generation previously had not been very efficient; green shoots of hope remained. And when in 1987 the plight of ancient woods was highlighted by the ‘hurricane’ that swept through our lands in October, it didn’t take too much of a push to guide the Forestry Commission down the path towards a sustainable future.

The conifers were removed ahead of their intended lifespan, light flooded back, life responded accordingly, and now thirty years later it is almost impossible to differentiate that part of the wood from the smaller portion that Essex County Council had presciently been able to rescue from the jaws of doom years before…

Over vast swathes of the wood, Bluebells were only just past their best, a colour scheme interrupted only on some damper patches where white Wild Garlic dominated. And both smelled as good as they looked.

 

Other flowers included cushions of Greater Stitchwort and Ground Ivy, especially around the wood edge, and Bugle and Wood Speedwell lining the rides:

The dominant coppice trees are Hornbeam and Small-leaved Lime, the latter particularly beautiful as its pink-flushed buds open, and Hollies (of both sexes) flowered on the woodbanks. Blackcaps and Chiffchaffs sang everywhere, with a lovely Garden Warbler both days around the lunch stop.

The sunny rides were also the place to find insects, including Speckled Wood, Orange Footman moth, Birch Shieldbug, the hoverfly Pipiza noctiluca, and two ‘longhorns’, Green Longhorn Moth and the beetle Rhagium mordax, rather scattered in Essex, being restricted to ancient woodland habitats.

The return journey was along the hill tops (yes, Essex does have hills!) giving wonderful views over the unspoilt valley. Long may it remain that way. Dandelions as always attracted insects, here a Gooden’s Nomad-bee, and sheltered nettlebeds harboured Hairy Shield-bugs and a Cinnamon Bug. And stunted hedgerow Oaks showed the large, spongy oak-apple galls of the wasp Biorhiza pallida.

The eroded path gave a window into local geology, flint-rich chalky boulder clay deposited by the last outpost of the Anglian Glaciation, before at least the Naturetrek group plunged through a waist-high Rape field. It was surprising just how many insects there were in the monoculture, from Small Whites to Honeybees and several others. We can only hope the Rape was not bearing a lethal dose of neonicotinoid pesticides…

And finally everyone got to pay homage to Chappel Viaduct, up close and personal, at its very best in slanting sunlight, a graphic masterpiece of Victorian architecture, as sound now as when it was built 160 years ago. Worth the effort of visiting in itself, especially for those travelling by train and seeing views both of and from. All rounded off for some with a welcome drink at The Swan: the wild side of Essex at its best!

The Wild Side of Beth Chatto Gardens: Spring in full flight

Beth Chatto Gardens, Britain's Wildlife, WildEssex, WildWivenhoe

April saw me heading to the gardens on three occasions in mid-month, twice to lead walks (two for the National Garden Scheme and the first two of my summer monthly WildSide walks) and one just me and my camera, a moment of peace in a mad world.

Five walks on three days in just a little over a week might seem like overkill, but this time of year it really isn’t. In the full flight of spring, nature can change perceptibly every few days. And this year was no exception, especially as the lack of rain for about five weeks and rising temperatures completely changed track from the past wet winter, and pushed us into incipient drought. These mood swings of nature, actually more like handbrake turns on a sixpence, are what we must expect and live with in the climatically weirded future. And so must our garden plants and wildlife. Some will not be able to, so my advice as always is get out there now and appreciate just what riches we have!

The speed of change was almost frightening. Take that wonderful yellow peony Paeonia mlokosewitschii (aka Molly the Witch), in tight bud on my first visit, full flower six days later and three days futher on, starting to fade. A plant of highly transient glory, but a favourite of the garden bees!

Many other flowers of course, a plethora of potential food sources for insects and a delight to photograph:

And not to be outdone, the unfurling fern fronds and red maple foliage added their own highlights to the masterpiece of spring:

Butterflies have yet to emerge in real force, especially since the overwinterers have started to fade. But the whites are putting on a strong show, with Small, Green-veined and Orange Tip by the first visit, Large White joining them by the final date, along with the first Green Hairstreak and Speckled Wood.

The first visit also coincided with the first emergence of the year of Large Red Damselflies, always the earliest of its group to appear, along with other aquatic insects like Alder-flies, and remarkable numbers of adult Iris Sawflies, on and around the emergent iris leaves and whose larvae will be responsible for nibbled edges to leaves this summer.

Back on dry land, there were plenty of the usual bumblebees, including rather more Red-tailed than we have come to expect in recent years:

Hairy-footed Flower-bees were still patrolling the borders of comfrey and lungwort, not only for food but also for each other, with many interactions between amorous males and seemingly uninterested females noted! Other solitary bees included Yellow-legged and Chocolate Mining-bees, one of the furrow-bees, and Flavous Nomad-bee. The several species of nomad-bee seem to be in remarkable numbers this spring compared with previous years…

Two others from the same insect group, Hymenoptera, were queen Common Wasps, feeding and rasping wood to build their nests with, and the currant galls of the spring generation of the Spangle Gall Wasp on Oak catkins:

Moving to flies, some of the most numerous were the Bibio species. first B. lanigerus and B. anglicus, with the first true St Mark’s Fly B. marci on the first visit. 14th April is early for this species, named because it emerges on or around St Mark’s Day, 25th April. During the second visit, they were very numerous, and by the third, almost gone – perhaps down the throats of birds, as they are favourites of Swallows.

Hoverflies increased greatly through the month, and included many flower-flies Syrphus sp., together with Batman and Footballer Hoverflies , and lots of Epistrophe eligans.

Other easily recognised flies were Yellow Dung-flies, the dance-fly Empis tessellata and the parasite-fly Tachina fera…

… along with many other less distinctive, but still important , parts of our garden’s biodiversity.

Ladybirds are still more abundant than I have ever seen before at this time of year, the offspring no doubt of those that arrived en masse last July. And while most are 7-spots, a selection of other species such as 14-spot Ladybird is starting to emerge.

Bugs included the first Harpocera thoracica of the year, with plenty of Hairy and Green Shield-bugs, and also a lovely find of a mating pair of Gorse Shield-bugs, a rather uncommon creature in the garden.

On the reservoir, Dabchicks were singing and a pair of Tufted Ducks has seemingly settled in. All around the garden, birds are in song, residents like Greenfinch, Robin, Goldcrest and Song Thrush, alongsideside the summer visitors, especially Chiffchaff and Blackcap.

On the first two visits a Cetti’s Warbler was singing on the edge of the garden, only the third record for the site, but on the third visit its apparent territory had been filled by a singing Whitethroat, again not common in the garden. And overhead plenty of action too, from feeding Swallows to displaying Buzzards, flyover Egyptian Geese and Red Kites, along with Mediterranean Gulls and a Lesser Black-backed Gull, both rarely appearing in our sights.

Another fantastic month in the Beth Chatto Gardens, the incidental nature reserve!